AWS DevOps Technical Interview Questions with Answers [2025]

AWS CI/CD Pipeline Scenarios

1. How do you troubleshoot a CodePipeline failure at the build stage?

• Check CloudWatch Logs for CodeBuild errors.
• Verify buildspec.yml syntax and dependencies.
• Ensure IAM roles have required permissions.
• Test locally to replicate issues.
• Restart pipeline, monitor with CloudWatch.
  Identifies errors, restores reliable CI/CD deployments, ensures minimal downtime in MNC environments.

2. Why does a CodeDeploy deployment stall in "In Progress"?

Analyze CloudWatch Logs for errors, verify appspec.yml configuration. Ensure EC2 or ECS instances are healthy, adjust timeouts, or roll back. Monitor with CloudWatch to restore stable CI/CD workflows in MNC environments.

3. What optimizes a slow CI/CD pipeline?

• Parallelize builds in CodeBuild.
• Cache dependencies in S3.
• Use incremental builds in CodePipeline.
• Monitor bottlenecks with CloudWatch.
  Ensures faster, scalable CI/CD pipelines for rapid MNC deployments.

4. When does a pipeline deploy to the wrong environment?

Verify CodePipeline stage configurations, CodeBuild environment variables. Update IAM roles, implement environment tagging, audit with CloudTrail. Ensures accurate, secure CI/CD deployments in MNC environments.

5. Which methods secure sensitive data in CodePipeline?

• Store credentials in Secrets Manager.
• Encrypt artifacts with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM roles.
• Audit with CloudTrail.
  Ensures compliant, secure CI/CD workflows in MNC environments.

6. Who resolves pipeline failures due to insufficient permissions?

DevOps engineer updates IAM policies for CodePipeline, CodeBuild to access S3, ECS, Lambda. Test locally, audit with CloudTrail, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures smooth CI/CD deployments in MNC environments.

7. What implements rollback in a failed CodeDeploy deployment?

Use aws deploy rollback-deployment, verify appspec.yml, test in staging, monitor with CloudWatch. Minimizes disruptions, ensures reliable CI/CD pipelines in MNC environments.

8. How do you fix dependency errors in a pipeline?

Check buildspec.yml for missing dependencies, update package.json or requirements.txt, cache in S3. Test locally, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores reliable CI/CD builds in MNC environments.

9. Where do you configure a multi-stage CI/CD pipeline for microservices?

Configure CodePipeline in AWS console with CodeCommit source, CodeBuild testing, CodeDeploy ECS deployments. Define microservice stages, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

10. Why use zero-downtime deployment in pipelines?

Implement blue-green deployment with CodeDeploy, test on ECS, switch traffic via ALB, monitor with CloudWatch. Roll back if needed, ensures uninterrupted CI/CD in MNC environments.

11. What integrates GitHub with CodePipeline?

Configure GitHub webhook to trigger CodePipeline, connect via AWS console or CodeCommit. Store artifacts in S3, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures seamless CI/CD workflows in MNC environments.

12. How do you stabilize an intermittently failing pipeline?

Analyze CloudWatch Logs for patterns, verify CodeBuild scripts, ensure resource availability. Add retries in buildspec.yml, set CloudWatch alarms. Stabilizes CI/CD pipelines in MNC environments.

13. Which strategies handle large artifact sizes in CodePipeline?

• Compress artifacts before S3 storage.
• Optimize CodeBuild outputs.
• Use CloudFront for faster delivery.
• Monitor storage with CloudWatch.
  Ensures efficient CI/CD workflows in MNC environments.

AWS Containerization and Orchestration Scenarios

14. What causes an ECS task to fail to start?

Check CloudWatch Logs, verify task definition CPU/memory, ensure IAM roles allow ECR access. Adjust resources, redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD in MNC environments.

15. When does an EKS cluster exhaust resources?

Enable Cluster Autoscaler, set HPA for pods, monitor with CloudWatch. Adjust pod resource limits in Kubernetes manifests. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC Kubernetes environments.

16. How do you secure an ECS application exposed online?

• Configure WAF with ALB.
• Restrict ports via security groups.
• Limit container access with IAM roles.
• Enable HTTPS with TLS certificates.
  Ensures secure CI/CD deployments in MNC environments.

17. Why does an EKS pod crash repeatedly?

Check kubectl logs, kubectl describe pod for errors, verify resource limits, inspect ECR images. Redeploy with fixes, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures stable CI/CD in MNC environments.

18. What migrates a monolithic app to microservices on ECS?

Decompose app, containerize with Docker, deploy to ECS via CodePipeline. Use App Mesh for communication, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

19. When does an ECS service face high latency?

Optimize task definitions for CPU/memory, enable Auto Scaling with CloudWatch metrics, use ALB for load balancing. Adjust VPC networking, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

20. How do you implement rolling updates in EKS?

Configure kubectl apply with updated YAML, set maxSurge, maxUnavailable, monitor with CloudWatch. Roll back with kubectl rollout undo. Ensures seamless CI/CD in MNC environments.

21. Where do network issues make an EKS cluster inaccessible?

Check VPC Flow Logs, verify security groups, test Route 53 DNS. Ensure subnets allow traffic, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD connectivity in MNC environments.

22. Which methods scale an ECS application for traffic spikes?

• Enable ECS Auto Scaling with CloudWatch metrics.
• Adjust task counts dynamically.
• Use ALB for load balancing.
• Monitor performance with CloudWatch.
  Ensures high availability in MNC CI/CD pipelines.

23. Who addresses vulnerable Docker images in ECR?

DevOps engineer scans images with AWS Inspector, updates to minimal base images, applies patches. Integrate scans in CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

24. What optimizes EKS performance for CI/CD?

• Set CPU/memory limits in pod specs.
• Enable HPA for pod scaling.
• Use Cluster Autoscaler for nodes.
• Monitor metrics with CloudWatch.
  Ensures high-performance CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Scenarios

25. Why does a CloudFormation stack fail to deploy?

Check stack events for errors, validate template with cfn-lint, ensure IAM permissions. Correct errors, redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores reliable IaC in MNC environments.

26. What causes CloudFormation stack drift?

Run aws cloudformation detect-stack-drift, update templates to align resources, apply with aws cloudformation update-stack. Automate checks in CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures consistent IaC in MNC environments.

27. How do you secure CloudFormation templates with sensitive data?

• Use Secrets Manager for credentials.
• Encrypt parameters with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM policies.
• Validate templates with cfn-lint.
  Ensures secure IaC in MNC CI/CD pipelines.

28. Where do you deploy multi-region CloudFormation stacks?

Use CloudFormation StackSets in AWS console, integrate with CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Configure Route 53 for traffic routing. Ensures scalable IaC in MNC environments.

29. When does a CloudFormation stack provision slowly?

Split stacks into modular templates, enable parallel resource creation, cache dependencies in S3. Monitor provisioning with CloudWatch. Accelerates IaC deployment in MNC environments.

30. Which tools test CloudFormation templates pre-deployment?

• Use cfn-lint for syntax validation.
• Run TaskCat for simulated deployments.
• Integrate with CodePipeline for CI/CD.
• Monitor results with CloudWatch.
  Ensures reliable IaC in MNC environments.

31. Why do resource limits cause IaC deployment failures?

Check AWS service quotas, request increases, optimize templates. Monitor with CloudWatch, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures scalable IaC in MNC CI/CD environments.

32. How do you update a CloudFormation stack without downtime?

Use UpdatePolicy for rolling updates, test in staging, monitor with CloudWatch. Roll back with aws cloudformation update-stack. Ensures uninterrupted IaC in MNC environments.

33. What integrates CloudFormation with CodePipeline?

Store templates in CodeCommit, trigger CodeBuild, deploy stacks via CloudFormation in CodePipeline. Monitor with CloudWatch, audit with CloudTrail. Ensures automated IaC in MNC environments.

34. When does a CloudFormation stack get stuck in UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED?

Check stack events, fix template errors, run aws cloudformation continue-update-rollback. Test in staging, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores stable IaC in MNC environments.

35. Who manages multi-account CloudFormation deployments?

DevOps team uses AWS Organizations, CloudFormation StackSets for cross-account deployments. Automate with CodePipeline, audit with CloudTrail, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures scalable IaC in MNC environments.

AWS Monitoring and Observability Scenarios

36. How do you diagnose application performance issues with CloudWatch?

Analyze CloudWatch metrics for CPU/memory, use Logs Insights for errors, set alarms for thresholds. Correlate with X-Ray traces. Ensures reliable CI/CD performance in MNC environments.

37. What sets up automated alerts for pipeline failures?

Configure CloudWatch Alarms for CodePipeline failures, set thresholds, notify via SNS. Monitor metrics for proactive resolution. Ensures pipeline reliability in MNC CI/CD environments.

38. Why does a Lambda function have high invocation errors?

Check CloudWatch Logs for exceptions, verify IAM permissions, adjust timeouts/memory. Use X-Ray for tracing, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures stable CI/CD in MNC environments.

39. Where do you implement distributed tracing for microservices?

Enable X-Ray in ECS/Lambda, integrate with SDKs, visualize traces in CloudWatch. Correlate with metrics for insights. Ensures observable CI/CD in MNC environments.

40. When does an application become unavailable?

Configure CloudWatch Synthetics canaries to simulate API calls, monitor response times, alert via SNS. Analyze logs in CloudWatch Insights. Ensures uptime in MNC CI/CD pipelines.

41. How do you manage growing CloudWatch log costs?

Set short retention policies, filter non-essential logs, archive to S3. Use Metrics Insights for selective monitoring. Ensures cost-efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

42. Which metrics monitor ECS cluster health?

• Use CloudWatch metrics for CPU/memory.
• Set alarms for task failures.
• Integrate X-Ray for tracing.
• Check ALB health status.
  Ensures proactive CI/CD monitoring in MNC environments.

43. Why is a microservice slow?

Enable X-Ray in ECS/Lambda, analyze trace segments for latency, correlate with CloudWatch metrics. Optimize code/resources, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures performant CI/CD in MNC environments.

44. What centralizes logs for multiple AWS services?

Configure CloudWatch Logs to aggregate ECS/Lambda/EC2 logs. Use Logs Insights for analysis, set retention policies. Ensures efficient CI/CD troubleshooting in MNC environments.

45. When do critical events get missed?

Configure CloudWatch Events to trigger Lambda on CodePipeline changes, notify via SNS. Monitor rules, test triggers. Ensures event-driven CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Security (DevSecOps) Scenarios

46. How do you secure a CI/CD pipeline exposing secrets?

• Use Secrets Manager for credentials.
• Mask logs in CodeBuild.
• Encrypt with KMS.
• Audit with CloudTrail.
  Ensures secure CI/CD workflows in MNC environments.

47. What responds to a compromised EC2 instance?

Isolate instance with security groups, analyze CloudTrail logs, scan with AWS Inspector. Patch vulnerabilities, redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD security in MNC environments.

48. Why is GDPR compliance critical in CI/CD?

Encrypt data with KMS, use IAM roles for access control, audit with CloudTrail. Automate compliance checks in CodePipeline. Ensures compliant CI/CD in MNC environments.

49. When does an application face a DDoS attack?

Enable AWS Shield, configure WAF on ALB, use CloudFront for caching. Monitor with CloudWatch, adjust security groups. Ensures CI/CD uptime in MNC environments.

50. Who addresses a Lambda function accessing unauthorized resources?

DevOps engineer updates Lambda’s IAM role for least-privilege, verifies permissions, audits with CloudTrail. Monitor with CloudWatch, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

51. Which tools scan for ECS container vulnerabilities?

• Use AWS Inspector for ECR image scans.
• Integrate scans in CodePipeline.
• Update to minimal base images.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

52. How do you address CI/CD compliance audit failures?

Implement CIS benchmarks, scan with AWS Inspector, audit with CloudTrail. Automate checks in CodePipeline, store logs in S3. Ensures auditable CI/CD in MNC environments.

53. What secures data in transit in CI/CD pipelines?

• Enable TLS for ALB, API Gateway.
• Use KMS for key management.
• Integrate with CodePipeline.
• Monitor with CloudWatch, audit with CloudTrail.
  Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

54. Why is an S3 bucket publicly accessible?

Update bucket policies to deny public access, enable KMS encryption, restrict with IAM roles. Audit with CloudTrail, monitor with CloudWatch. Secures CI/CD artifacts in MNC environments.

55. When do you rotate secrets in a CI/CD pipeline?

Use Secrets Manager for automated rotation, integrate with CodePipeline, audit with CloudTrail. Monitor rotation with CloudWatch. Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Troubleshooting and Performance Scenarios

56. How do you troubleshoot an unresponsive EC2 instance?

Check CloudWatch metrics for CPU/memory, review system logs, verify security groups. Reboot or replace instance, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores reliable CI/CD in MNC environments.

57. Why does a Lambda function time out frequently?

Increase timeout/memory, optimize code, check CloudWatch Logs for errors. Use X-Ray for tracing, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures stable CI/CD in MNC environments.

58. What causes high latency post-deployment?

Analyze CloudWatch metrics for bottlenecks, check X-Ray traces, verify ALB configurations. Optimize resources/code, redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD performance in MNC environments.

59. When does an ECS cluster run out of IP addresses?

Expand VPC subnet CIDR, enable NAT gateways, optimize task networking. Update via CloudFormation, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

60. How do you stabilize a CodePipeline stage failing intermittently?

Check CloudWatch Logs for patterns, verify CodeBuild scripts, ensure resources. Add retries in buildspec.yml, set CloudWatch alarms. Stabilizes CI/CD in MNC environments.

61. Which steps handle API Gateway error spikes?

• Check CloudWatch Logs for throttling.
• Increase quotas.
• Configure WAF for malicious traffic.
• Optimize Lambda integrations, monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures reliable CI/CD in MNC environments.

62. Why does an EKS cluster have high CPU usage?

Enable HPA for pod scaling, adjust resource limits, use Cluster Autoscaler. Monitor with CloudWatch, optimize via kubectl. Ensures efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

63. What does CloudTrail reveal about post-deployment failures?

Analyze CloudTrail logs for API errors, verify IAM permissions, check resource changes. Correlate with CloudWatch, roll back via CodeDeploy. Ensures reliable CI/CD in MNC environments.

64. When does an RDS instance slow down?

Check CloudWatch metrics for CPU/IOPS, enable Enhanced Monitoring, optimize queries. Scale instance or add read replicas, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures CI/CD performance in MNC environments.

65. How do you implement chaos engineering for CI/CD?

Use AWS Fault Injection Simulator for EC2 failures, monitor with CloudWatch, analyze improvements. Implement fixes, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures robust CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Serverless Scenarios

66. Why does a Lambda function fail to trigger from S3 events?

Check IAM role for S3 permissions, verify event mappings, review CloudWatch Logs. Test triggers, redeploy via CodePipeline. Restores serverless CI/CD in MNC environments.

67. What optimizes a serverless CI/CD pipeline with Lambda?

• Use Lambda with CodePipeline for event-driven builds.
• Minimize cold starts with optimized code.
• Cache artifacts in S3.
• Monitor performance with CloudWatch.
  Ensures efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

68. When does an API Gateway endpoint slow down?

Enable CloudFront caching, optimize Lambda functions, increase API Gateway quotas. Monitor with CloudWatch, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures low-latency CI/CD in MNC environments.

69. How do you secure a serverless application with API Gateway?

• Configure IAM or Cognito authentication.
• Enable WAF for traffic filtering.
• Use KMS for encryption.
• Monitor with CloudWatch, audit with CloudTrail.
  Ensures secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

70. What causes a Lambda function to run out of memory?

Increase memory allocation, optimize code, monitor with CloudWatch. Redeploy via CodePipeline, test in staging. Ensures reliable serverless CI/CD in MNC environments.

71. Which tools implement event-driven CI/CD with Lambda and SQS?

• Configure Lambda to trigger from SQS.
• Integrate with CodePipeline for builds.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
• Use SNS for notifications.
  Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

72. Why does a serverless app incur high costs?

Use Cost Explorer to analyze Lambda usage, optimize function duration, enable Auto Scaling for ECS. Set CloudWatch alarms, tag resources. Ensures cost-efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

73. How do you monitor a serverless application in production?

• Use CloudWatch for Lambda metrics.
• Enable X-Ray for tracing.
• Run Synthetics for API testing.
• Visualize with CloudWatch dashboards.
  Ensures observability for CI/CD in MNC environments.

74. What causes Lambda dependency errors?

Update requirements.txt, rebuild deployment package, verify with CloudWatch Logs. Redeploy via CodePipeline, test in staging. Restores serverless CI/CD in MNC environments.

75. When do you implement throttling for a serverless API?

Configure API Gateway rate limits, enable CloudFront caching, optimize Lambda concurrency. Monitor with CloudWatch, adjust via CodePipeline. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Multi-Region and Compliance Scenarios

76. How do you set up a multi-region CI/CD pipeline?

Use CodePipeline with cross-region replication, deploy ECS with CloudFormation StackSets, route via Route 53. Monitor with CloudWatch for performance. Ensures high availability in MNC CI/CD environments.

77. Why does an application fail in one region?

Configure Route 53 for DNS failover, replicate data with S3, use multi-region ECS deployments. Test with Fault Injection Simulator, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures CI/CD resilience in MNC environments.

78. What ensures PCI DSS compliance in CI/CD?

• Encrypt data with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM roles.
• Audit with CloudTrail.
• Automate compliance checks in CodePipeline.
  Ensures compliant CI/CD in MNC environments.

79. When do multi-region deployments face latency?

Use CloudFront for caching, optimize Route 53 routing, monitor with CloudWatch. Adjust ECS resources via CodePipeline. Ensures low-latency CI/CD in MNC environments.

80. How do you handle a data breach in an AWS application?

Isolate resources with security groups, analyze CloudTrail logs, scan with AWS Inspector. Patch vulnerabilities, redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD security in MNC environments.

81. Which design supports global users in AWS?

Deploy ECS across regions, use CloudFront for content delivery, route with Route 53. Automate with CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures low-latency CI/CD in MNC environments.

82. What implements automated backups for AWS resources?

Use AWS Backup for RDS/S3, schedule via CloudWatch Events, store in cross-region S3. Monitor with CloudWatch, integrate with CodePipeline. Ensures resilient CI/CD in MNC environments.

83. When does a multi-region RDS instance fail?

Promote read replica in another region, update Route 53 for failover, restore from AWS Backup. Monitor with CloudWatch, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures minimal downtime in MNC CI/CD pipelines.

84. Who manages multi-account CI/CD pipelines?

DevOps team uses AWS Organizations, cross-account roles in CodePipeline, deploys with StackSets. Audit with CloudTrail, monitor with CloudWatch. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

85. How do you configure an application for HIPAA compliance?

• Encrypt data with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM roles.
• Enable CloudTrail logging.
• Automate compliance checks in CodePipeline.
  Ensures compliant CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Advanced Scenarios

86. What implements circuit breakers in microservices?

from resilience4j import CircuitBreaker
import boto3
client = boto3.client('dynamodb')
circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(failure_threshold=5)
@circuit_breaker
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    try:
        return client.get_item(TableName='CacheTable', Key={'id': {'S': 'data'}})
    except Exception:
        return {'statusCode': 200, 'body': 'Fallback response'}

Ensures fault-tolerant CI/CD for MNC microservices.

87. How do you scale an application for 10,000 concurrent users?

Deploy ECS with Auto Scaling, use ALB for load balancing, cache with ElastiCache. Monitor with CloudWatch, optimize via CodePipeline. Ensures high availability in MNC CI/CD pipelines.

88. Why is migrating a large database to RDS challenging?

Use AWS DMS for replication, test schema with Schema Conversion Tool, switch traffic via Route 53. Monitor with CloudWatch, automate with CodePipeline. Ensures seamless CI/CD in MNC environments.

89. What enables cross-region replication in AWS?

Configure DynamoDB global tables, S3 cross-region replication, route with Route 53. Monitor with CloudWatch, automate with CodePipeline. Ensures high availability in MNC CI/CD environments.

90. When do CI/CD pipelines incur high costs?

Use Cost Explorer to analyze spending, enable Auto Scaling for ECS, cache artifacts in S3. Set CloudWatch alarms, tag resources. Ensures cost-efficient CI/CD in MNC environments.

91. Why does an ECS application fail health checks?

Check CloudWatch Logs for task errors, verify ALB health check settings, update task definitions. Redeploy via CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Restores CI/CD in MNC environments.

92. How do you implement feature flags in CI/CD?

Use AWS AppConfig to toggle features, integrate with CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch. Test flags in staging. Ensures iterative CI/CD deployments in MNC environments.

93. What causes Lambda concurrency limit issues?

Increase reserved concurrency, optimize code, use SQS for queuing. Monitor with CloudWatch, redeploy via CodePipeline. Ensures scalable serverless CI/CD in MNC environments.

94. Which components set up disaster recovery for AWS?

• Use S3 for backups.
• Configure multi-region StackSets.
• Enable Route 53 failover.
• Test with Fault Injection Simulator.
  Ensures robust CI/CD recovery in MNC environments.

95. When does API Gateway return 429 errors?

Increase quotas, enable CloudFront caching, optimize Lambda concurrency. Monitor with CloudWatch, adjust via CodePipeline. Ensures scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

AWS Code-Based Scenarios

96. How do you create a Dockerfile for ECS?

FROM amazonlinux:latest
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN yum install -y python3 && pip3 install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["python3", "app.py"]

Builds Python app for ECS, ensures consistent CI/CD in MNC environments.

97. What defines a CloudFormation template for an S3 bucket?

Resources:
  S3Bucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: my-devops-bucket
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled

Creates S3 bucket for CI/CD artifacts in MNC environments.

98. Why use a CodeBuild buildspec.yml for CI/CD?

version: 0.2
phases:
  install:
    commands:
      - npm install
  build:
    commands:
      - npm run build
artifacts:
  files:
    - '**/*'

Automates CodeBuild tasks, ensures reliable CI/CD in MNC environments.

99. Where do you define an ECS task definition?

family: my-app
containerDefinitions:
  - name: app
    image: my-app:latest
    cpu: 256
    memory: 512
    portMappings:
      - containerPort: 8080

Defines ECS task for scalable CI/CD in MNC environments.

100. Which code implements a Lambda for CI/CD?

import json
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    print("Received event: " + json.dumps(event))
    return {
        'statusCode': 200,
        'body': json.dumps('Processed CI/CD event!')
    }

Processes CI/CD events, ensures automation in MNC environments.

101. How do you configure CodePipeline for multi-region?

name: multi-region-pipeline
source:
  provider: CodeCommit
  location: my-repo
build:
  provider: CodeBuild
deploy:
  - region: us-east-1
    provider: CloudFormation
    stack_name: my-stack
  - region: us-west-2
    provider: CloudFormation
    stack_name: my-stack

Ensures resilient CI/CD deployments in MNC environments.

102. What secures an ECS task definition?

family: secure-app
containerDefinitions:
  - name: app
    image: my-ecr-repo:latest
    cpu: 256
    memory: 512
    portMappings:
      - containerPort: 8080
    secrets:
      - name: DB_PASSWORD
        valueFrom: arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:my-secret

Uses Secrets Manager for secure CI/CD in MNC environments.

103. Which CloudFormation template creates a VPC?

Resources:
  VPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
      EnableDnsHostnames: true
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: DevOpsVPC

Creates VPC for secure CI/CD networking in MNC environments.