Advanced Docker Interview Questions and Answers [2025]

This guide offers 103 advanced Docker interview questions with detailed answers for Docker Engineer roles. Focusing on orchestration, networking, security, AWS integration (ECS, EKS, CodePipeline), and advanced concepts like GitOps and resilience, it prepares candidates for high-level technical interviews with scalable, secure container solutions.

Advanced Docker Fundamentals

1. What advanced features make Docker critical for enterprise-grade deployments?

Docker’s lightweight containerization, layered filesystem (e.g., overlay2), and integration with orchestration tools like EKS enable scalable, resilient deployments. Features like Docker Content Trust and secrets management ensure security, while automation with CodePipeline streamlines enterprise workflows, monitored via AWS tools.

2. Why does Docker’s runtime architecture outperform other container runtimes?

Docker’s use of containerd and runC leverages Linux namespaces and cgroups for efficient isolation and resource management. Its layered filesystem optimizes storage, and integration with ECS/EKS ensures high-performance deployments, tracked with AWS monitoring for enterprise reliability.

3. How does Docker handle resource contention in high-density environments?

Docker uses cgroups to limit CPU, memory, and I/O per container, preventing contention. Fine-tune with docker run --memory and --cpus, scale with EKS, and monitor resource usage with Container Insights to ensure stability in dense deployments.

4. When is Docker’s storage driver choice critical for performance?

Storage drivers like overlay2 or aufs impact I/O performance. Choose overlay2 for speed in high-density setups, configure with docker info --format '{{.StorageDriver}}', and monitor with CloudWatch to optimize storage in orchestrated environments like ECS.

5. Which advanced Docker configurations enhance microservices resilience?

• Implement health checks in Dockerfile.
• Use retry policies in Compose.
• Enable circuit breakers for APIs.
• Configure auto-scaling in ECS/EKS.
• Monitor with X-Ray.
  These ensure fault-tolerant microservices in production.

6. Who architects Docker-based GitOps workflows?

DevOps architects integrate Docker with ArgoCD, syncing manifests from CodeCommit to EKS. They automate deployments with CodePipeline, enforce RBAC for security, and audit with CloudTrail to maintain declarative, version-controlled container workflows.

7. What mitigates Docker daemon vulnerabilities in production?

Harden the daemon with TLS, restrict socket access via --userns-remap, and limit API exposure. Scan images with AWS Inspector, deploy via secure pipelines, and monitor with CloudWatch to protect production environments.

Advanced Image Management

8. How do you optimize Docker images for minimal attack surface?

• Use distroless or scratch base images.
• Remove unnecessary binaries.
• Implement multi-stage builds.
• Scan with AWS Inspector.
• Sign with DCT.
  This minimizes vulnerabilities and speeds up deployments.

9. Why do large images degrade CI/CD pipeline performance?

Large images increase pull times and storage costs, slowing deployments. Use minimal bases, clean caches, and multi-stage builds. Store in ECR, automate with CodeBuild, and track performance to optimize pipeline efficiency.

10. What implements a multi-stage build for a Go application?

FROM golang:1.19 AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod .
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o app

FROM scratch
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/app .
CMD ["./app"]

Reduces image size for faster, secure deployments.

11. When does image layer caching fail in CI/CD?

Caching fails with unordered Dockerfile commands or frequent dependency changes. Optimize layer order, use .dockerignore, and cache dependencies in S3. Automate builds and monitor performance to ensure efficient pipelines.

12. How do you enforce image immutability in production?

Tag images with immutable versions (e.g., my-app:1.0), enable ECR immutability, and sign with DCT. Automate deployments with CodePipeline and audit with CloudTrail to ensure consistent, tamper-proof images.

13. Where do you store images for global accessibility?

Store images in ECR with cross-region replication, push via docker push, and automate with CodePipeline. Restrict access with IAM and monitor with CloudWatch for secure, globally accessible image repositories.

14. Which strategies handle image bloat in CI/CD?

• Use minimal bases (e.g., alpine).
• Clean temporary files in builds.
• Leverage multi-stage builds.
• Exclude files with .dockerignore.
• Monitor build metrics.
  These reduce image size and improve pipeline speed.

Advanced Docker Networking

15. How do you troubleshoot complex network issues in Docker Swarm?

Inspect docker network ls and docker service logs, verify overlay network configurations, and test with docker exec. Adjust VPC endpoints, redeploy services, and trace with X-Ray to resolve connectivity in distributed systems.

16. Why does a container fail to resolve DNS in a VPC?

Misconfigured VPC DNS settings or security groups block resolution. Verify docker network inspect, update VPC DNS, and test with nslookup. Redeploy and monitor to restore DNS functionality in orchestrated environments.

17. What configures a secure overlay network for EKS?

docker network create -d overlay --opt encrypted my-overlay

Configure with EKS, enable VPC CNI, and enforce network policies. Monitor with CloudWatch and trace with X-Ray for secure, scalable container communication.

18. When do you use macvlan versus bridge networking?

Macvlan assigns unique MAC addresses for direct network access, ideal for legacy apps; bridge isolates containers for microservices. Configure in docker run, monitor performance to align with application requirements.

19. How do you implement service discovery in Docker?

Use DNS-based discovery in Swarm or Kubernetes with docker network or CoreDNS. Integrate with ALB for load balancing, automate with CodePipeline, and monitor with CloudWatch for reliable service communication.

20. Which tools optimize Docker network performance?

• Container Insights for metrics.
• VPC Flow Logs for traffic analysis.
• X-Ray for latency tracing.
• SNS for performance alerts.
  These ensure high-performance networking in orchestrated deployments.

21. Why does a container experience packet loss in EKS?

Check VPC CNI configurations, verify pod network policies, and analyze Flow Logs. Adjust security groups, redeploy pods, and monitor with CloudWatch to mitigate packet loss in Kubernetes clusters.

Advanced Docker Orchestration

22. How do you optimize ECS task placement for high availability?

Define placement constraints in task definitions, use spread strategies across AZs, and integrate with ALB. Automate deployments with CodePipeline and monitor with CloudWatch to ensure resilient, distributed ECS deployments.

23. Why does an EKS pod fail to schedule?

Insufficient node resources or taints prevent scheduling. Check kubectl describe pod, adjust node affinity, and scale with Cluster Autoscaler. Redeploy and monitor to restore pod scheduling in EKS.

24. What implements chaos engineering in Dockerized apps?

docker run --rm -it chaosmonkey:latest --target ecs --chaos-type terminate

Use tools like Chaos Mesh in EKS, simulate failures, and monitor with CloudWatch. Automate recovery with CodePipeline to validate resilience in production systems.

25. When does a Swarm service fail to scale dynamically?

Check resource constraints with docker service inspect, verify node capacity, and ensure image availability. Update service configurations, redeploy, and monitor to enable dynamic scaling in Swarm.

26. How do you implement canary deployments in ECS?

family: my-app
containerDefinitions:
  - name: app
    image: my-ecr-repo:latest
    deploymentConfiguration:
      maximumPercent: 200
      minimumHealthyPercent: 100

Use CodeDeploy for canary rollouts, shift traffic via ALB, and monitor with CloudWatch for gradual, safe deployments.

27. Which strategies enhance EKS auto-scaling performance?

• Configure HPA with custom metrics.
• Use node auto-scaling groups.
• Optimize pod resource requests.
• Monitor with Container Insights.
  These ensure efficient, responsive scaling in Kubernetes.

28. Who designs fault-tolerant Docker architectures in EKS?

DevOps architects implement multi-AZ deployments, use pod disruption budgets, and enforce RBAC. Automate with CodePipeline, monitor with CloudWatch, and audit with CloudTrail for resilient, fault-tolerant Kubernetes clusters.

Advanced Docker Security

29. How do you secure Docker API endpoints?

Enable TLS for the daemon, restrict socket access with --host, and use IAM roles for API calls. Scan images with AWS Inspector and monitor with CloudWatch to secure endpoints in production.

30. Why do containers remain vulnerable despite scanning?

Outdated base images or runtime misconfigurations persist. Update images regularly, enforce seccomp profiles, and scan with AWS Inspector. Automate updates and monitor to maintain secure deployments.

31. What implements zero-trust security in Docker?

docker run --cap-drop=ALL --cap-add=NET_BIND_SERVICE my-image

Use minimal capabilities, enforce network policies, and integrate with Secrets Manager. Monitor with CloudWatch and audit with CloudTrail for zero-trust container security.

32. When do you use seccomp profiles in Docker?

Apply seccomp to restrict syscalls with --security-opt seccomp=/path/to/profile.json. Use in sensitive workloads, deploy via ECS, and monitor with CloudWatch to enhance container security.

33. How do you enforce container runtime isolation?

docker run --isolation=hyperv my-image

Use hypervisor isolation on Windows or gVisor for Linux, restrict privileges, and monitor with CloudWatch to ensure isolated, secure container runtimes.

34. Which tools enforce compliance in Docker deployments?

• AWS Inspector for vulnerability scans.
• CloudTrail for API auditing.
• AWS Config for compliance checks.
• Container Insights for monitoring.
  These ensure regulatory compliance in production.

35. Why does a container expose sensitive data?

Check Dockerfile for exposed ports or environment variables. Use Secrets Manager, restrict IAM roles, and scan with AWS Inspector. Redeploy and monitor to secure sensitive data.

Advanced Docker CI/CD Integration

36. How do you implement feature flags in Docker CI/CD?

Use docker run with environment variables for flags, integrate with CodePipeline, and test in staging. Monitor with CloudWatch and roll back via CodeDeploy for controlled feature releases.

37. Why does a pipeline fail during image scanning?

Misconfigured AWS Inspector or ECR access issues cause failures. Verify IAM roles, check scan configurations, and automate with CodeBuild. Monitor to restore pipeline reliability.

38. What automates multi-region image deployment?

version: 0.2
phases:
  build:
    commands:
      - docker build -t my-image .
      - aws ecr get-login-password | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin my-ecr-repo
      - docker push my-ecr-repo:latest
      - aws ecr start-image-scan --region us-east-1
      - aws ecr start-image-scan --region us-west-2

Replicate images in ECR and deploy with CodePipeline for multi-region consistency.

39. When does a pipeline deploy stale images?

Check CodePipeline for outdated image tags, verify ECR versioning, and update task definitions. Redeploy and monitor to ensure fresh images in deployments.

40. How do you integrate Docker with ArgoCD for GitOps?

Sync Docker manifests from CodeCommit to EKS with ArgoCD. Automate with CodePipeline, enforce RBAC, and monitor with CloudWatch for declarative, version-controlled deployments.

41. Which tools optimize CI/CD pipeline observability?

• Container Insights for build metrics.
• X-Ray for pipeline tracing.
• SNS for failure notifications.
• CodePipeline for automation.
  These ensure transparent, efficient pipelines.

42. Why does a container fail to pull from a private registry?

Verify IAM roles, check docker login credentials, and inspect docker pull errors. Update configurations, redeploy, and monitor to restore registry access.

Advanced Docker Storage

43. How do you implement stateful containers with EFS?

family: my-app
containerDefinitions:
  - name: app
    image: my-ecr-repo:latest
    mountPoints:
      - sourceVolume: my-efs
        containerPath: /app/data
volumes:
  - name: my-efs
    efsVolumeConfiguration:
      fileSystemId: fs-12345678

Mount EFS in ECS tasks for persistent, scalable storage.

44. Why does a stateful container lose data?

Ephemeral containers require persistent volumes. Use EFS or volumes, configure in task definitions, and monitor to ensure data durability in deployments.

45. What optimizes EFS performance for Docker?

• Configure high-throughput modes.
• Enable burst credits.
• Optimize mount targets.
• Monitor IOPS with CloudWatch.
  This ensures fast, scalable storage for containers.

46. When do you use FSx for Windows File Server with Docker?

Use FSx for Windows-based containers requiring shared storage. Mount via ECS tasks, automate with CodePipeline, and monitor for reliable, high-performance storage.

47. How do you back up Docker container data?

Use AWS Backup for EFS, schedule via CloudWatch Events, and store in S3. Monitor backups and automate recovery for resilient data management.

48. Which strategies handle storage latency in Docker?

• Optimize EFS IOPS.
• Use provisioned throughput.
• Cache data locally.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  These reduce latency in stateful applications.

49. Why does a volume cause I/O bottlenecks?

Misconfigured EFS or excessive I/O requests cause bottlenecks. Optimize throughput, adjust mounts, and monitor with CloudWatch to restore storage performance.

Advanced Docker Troubleshooting

50. How do you debug a container crash in EKS?

Check kubectl logs, analyze kubectl describe pod, and verify resource limits. Redeploy with updated configurations and monitor with Container Insights to resolve crashes.

51. Why does a container exhaust CPU in high-load scenarios?

Analyze docker stats, set --cpus limits, and optimize code for concurrency. Redeploy and monitor to manage CPU usage in demanding workloads.

52. What causes intermittent build failures in CI/CD?

Network issues or dependency changes disrupt builds. Check buildspec.yml, stabilize dependencies, and automate with CodeBuild. Monitor to prevent failures.

53. When does a container fail health checks in ECS?

Misconfigured ALB health checks or port mismatches cause failures. Verify task definitions, update health endpoints, and monitor to restore service health.

54. How do you diagnose network latency in Docker Swarm?

Inspect docker network, analyze VPC Flow Logs, and test with ping. Adjust network policies, redeploy, and monitor to reduce latency.

55. Which logs pinpoint container failures in EKS?

• kubectl logs for app errors.
• Container Insights for metrics.
• X-Ray for tracing.
• CloudWatch for events.
  These aid precise troubleshooting in Kubernetes.

56. Why does a container fail to scale in ECS?

Check Auto Scaling policies, verify task resources, and analyze logs. Adjust configurations, redeploy, and monitor to enable dynamic scaling.

Advanced Docker Scenarios

57. How do you implement a circuit breaker in Docker microservices?

from resilience4j import CircuitBreaker
import requests
circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(failure_threshold=5, recovery_timeout=30)
@circuit_breaker
def call_service():
    try:
        return requests.get('http://service:8080', timeout=5)
    except:
        return {"status": "fallback"}

Deploy in ECS and monitor for resilient microservices.

58. Why use Docker for chaos engineering experiments?

Docker’s isolation enables safe failure simulations. Use tools like Chaos Mesh in EKS, automate with CodePipeline, and monitor with CloudWatch to validate system resilience.

59. What optimizes container cold starts in serverless?

• Use lightweight images (e.g., alpine).
• Minimize dependencies.
• Optimize runtime initialization.
• Monitor cold start metrics.
  These reduce latency in Lambda-based Docker deployments.

60. When do you use Docker for machine learning workloads?

Package ML models in Docker images for consistent training and inference. Push to ECR, deploy via SageMaker, and monitor with CloudWatch for scalable ML workflows.

61. How do you implement container observability in EKS?

Integrate Prometheus for metrics, Fluentd for logs, and X-Ray for tracing. Deploy via CodePipeline and monitor with Container Insights for comprehensive observability.

62. Which strategies secure multi-container apps in production?

• Enforce network policies in EKS.
• Use Secrets Manager for credentials.
• Scan images with AWS Inspector.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  These ensure secure multi-container deployments.

63. Why does a container fail under heavy traffic?

Insufficient resources or poor scaling cause failures. Set HPA in EKS, optimize task definitions, and monitor with CloudWatch to handle traffic spikes.

Advanced Docker AWS Integration

64. How do you deploy Docker to Fargate with auto-scaling?

Define ECS tasks with Auto Scaling policies, push images to ECR, and deploy with CodePipeline. Monitor with CloudWatch for serverless, scalable deployments.

65. Why does an EKS pod fail to pull images intermittently?

Network policies or IAM role issues disrupt pulls. Verify kubectl describe pod, update IAM, and monitor with CloudWatch to restore image access.

66. What integrates Docker with AWS Step Functions?

{
  "StartAt": "Build",
  "States": {
    "Build": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:::codebuild:startBuild.sync",
      "Next": "Deploy"
    },
    "Deploy": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:::ecs:runTask.sync",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

Orchestrates Docker workflows with automation and monitoring.

67. When do you use ECS Fargate versus EKS for Docker?

Fargate simplifies serverless container management; EKS supports complex Kubernetes workloads. Choose based on complexity, deploy with CodePipeline, and monitor for optimal performance.

68. How do you secure Docker in a multi-tenant ECS cluster?

• Use task IAM roles.
• Isolate with security groups.
• Scan images with AWS Inspector.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures secure multi-tenant deployments.

69. Which tools enhance EKS observability for Docker?

• Container Insights for pod metrics.
• X-Ray for distributed tracing.
• Fluentd for log aggregation.
• CloudWatch for events.
  These provide comprehensive visibility in Kubernetes.

70. Why does a Docker job fail in AWS Batch?

Insufficient resources or IAM issues cause failures. Check job definitions, update roles, and monitor with CloudWatch to restore batch processing.

Advanced Docker Performance

71. How do you optimize container memory usage in EKS?

Set --memory limits, optimize garbage collection, and monitor with Container Insights. Adjust pod resources and redeploy for efficient memory management.

72. Why does a container experience high I/O latency?

Misconfigured EFS or excessive I/O requests cause latency. Optimize throughput, adjust mounts, and monitor with CloudWatch to improve storage performance.

73. What accelerates image pulls in multi-region setups?

Enable ECR replication, use CloudFront for caching, and optimize VPC endpoints. Automate pulls and monitor for fast, global image access.

74. When do containers cause network bottlenecks in EKS?

Overloaded CNI or misconfigured policies cause bottlenecks. Adjust VPC CNI, optimize pod networking, and monitor with Flow Logs for low-latency communication.

75. How do you handle traffic spikes in ECS?

• Enable Auto Scaling with custom metrics.
• Use ALB for dynamic routing.
• Optimize task resources.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures scalable, responsive deployments.

76. Which metrics optimize container performance?

• CPU/memory via Container Insights.
• Network latency with Flow Logs.
• X-Ray for request tracing.
• SNS for performance alerts.
  These ensure high-performance containers.

77. Why does a Dockerized app have inconsistent latency?

Resource contention or unoptimized code causes latency. Analyze metrics, optimize tasks, and redeploy with automation to restore consistent performance.

Advanced Docker Security and Compliance

78. How do you ensure HIPAA compliance for Docker?

• Encrypt data with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM.
• Audit with CloudTrail.
• Scan images with AWS Inspector.
  Ensures regulatory-compliant container deployments.

79. Why does a container allow privilege escalation?

Root users or excessive capabilities enable escalation. Run as non-root, apply seccomp, and scan with AWS Inspector. Redeploy for secure containers.

80. What audits container runtime activity?

Enable CloudTrail for API calls, integrate Fluentd for logs, and use AWS Config for compliance. Monitor with CloudWatch for comprehensive auditing.

81. When do you rotate secrets in Dockerized apps?

Use Secrets Manager for automated rotation, integrate with ECS/EKS tasks, and monitor with CloudWatch. Redeploy for secure secret management.

82. How do you prevent container breakouts?

• Apply AppArmor profiles.
• Restrict syscalls with seccomp.
• Use non-root users.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures isolated, secure containers.

83. Which tools secure container images in CI/CD?

• AWS Inspector for scans.
• DCT for image signing.
• IAM for registry access.
• Container Insights for monitoring.
  Ensures secure image pipelines.

Advanced Multi-Container Scenarios

84. How do you orchestrate multi-container apps in EKS?

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-app
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: my-ecr-repo:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
      - name: sidecar
        image: my-sidecar:latest

Deploy with CodePipeline and monitor for scalable multi-container apps.

85. Why do multi-container apps fail to communicate in Swarm?

Misconfigured overlay networks or service discovery issues cause failures. Verify docker network, adjust service configs, and monitor to restore communication.

86. What implements service mesh with Docker?

Integrate Istio with EKS, configure sidecar proxies, and deploy with CodePipeline. Monitor with X-Ray for observable, secure multi-container communication.

87. When do you use Docker Swarm for complex apps?

Swarm suits simpler orchestration needs versus EKS. Configure with docker service create, automate deployments, and monitor for lightweight, multi-container setups.

88. How do you secure multi-container traffic?

• Enforce network policies in EKS.
• Use TLS for encryption.
• Isolate with overlay networks.
• Monitor with CloudWatch.
  Ensures secure multi-container communication.

Advanced Docker Integration

89. How do you integrate Docker with AWS App Runner?

Package Docker images, push to ECR, and deploy via App Runner. Automate with CodePipeline and monitor with CloudWatch for serverless, low-overhead deployments.

90. Why does a container fail in AWS Batch under load?

Resource limits or job queue issues cause failures. Adjust job definitions, scale compute environments, and monitor with CloudWatch to restore batch processing.

91. What uses Docker with AWS EventBridge?

{
  "source": ["aws.ecs"],
  "detail-type": ["ECS Task State Change"],
  "detail": {
    "lastStatus": ["RUNNING"]
  }
}

Trigger Docker tasks via EventBridge, automate with CodePipeline, and monitor for event-driven workflows.

92. When do you use Docker for real-time analytics?

Package analytics workloads in Docker, deploy via ECS, and integrate with Kinesis. Monitor with CloudWatch for scalable, real-time data processing.

93. How do you implement serverless GitOps with Docker?

Use ArgoCD with Lambda-based Docker images, sync from CodeCommit, and deploy via CodePipeline. Monitor with CloudWatch for declarative, serverless workflows.

Advanced Code-Based Scenarios

94. How do you create a Dockerfile for a multi-service app?

FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080
HEALTHCHECK CMD curl --fail http://localhost:8080/health
CMD ["gunicorn", "app:app", "--workers=4"]

Ensures scalable, monitored microservice deployments.

95. What configures a secure ECS task definition?

family: secure-app
containerDefinitions:
  - name: app
    image: my-ecr-repo:latest
    cpu: 256
    memory: 512
    secrets:
      - name: DB_PASSWORD
        valueFrom: arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:my-secret
    environment:
      - name: LOG_LEVEL
        value: INFO

Uses Secrets Manager for secure deployments.

96. Why use a custom seccomp profile?

{
  "defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO",
  "syscalls": [
    {"names": ["execve", "open"], "action": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW"}
  ]
}

Restricts syscalls for security, applied with --security-opt seccomp=profile.json.

97. How do you define a multi-container pod in EKS?

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: my-ecr-repo:latest
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080
  - name: logger
    image: fluentd:latest

Deploys to EKS for orchestrated, multi-container apps.

98. What automates Docker builds with CodeBuild?

version: 0.2
phases:
  build:
    commands:
      - docker build -t my-image .
      - aws ecr get-login-password | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin my-ecr-repo
      - docker push my-ecr-repo:latest

Ensures automated, secure image builds.

99. Which code implements health checks in Docker?

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD curl --fail http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1

Integrates with ECS/EKS for reliable service monitoring.

Advanced Multi-Region and Compliance

100. How do you ensure low-latency multi-region Docker deployments?

Use ECS with CloudFormation StackSets, replicate images in ECR, and route with Route 53 latency-based routing. Automate with CodePipeline and monitor for resilient, low-latency deployments.

101. Why does a multi-region container deployment fail?

Region-specific IAM or networking issues cause failures. Check logs, verify ECR replication, and test Route 53. Redeploy and monitor to restore multi-region functionality.

102. What ensures SOC 2 compliance for Docker?

• Encrypt data with KMS.
• Restrict access with IAM.
• Audit with CloudTrail.
• Scan with AWS Inspector.
  Ensures compliance with security standards.

103. How do you recover from a container security breach?

Isolate with security groups, analyze CloudTrail logs, and scan with AWS Inspector. Patch vulnerabilities, redeploy with CodePipeline, and monitor with CloudWatch to secure compromised systems.