Git & GitHub FAQs for DevOps Interviews [2025]

Git Fundamentals

1. What is Git, and how does it support DevOps?

Git is a distributed version control system tracking code changes, enabling collaboration. In DevOps, it supports CI/CD by managing codebases for pipelines on platforms like AWS. A team used Git for a Python project, ensuring traceability. Commits are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored for reliability in collaborative DevOps environments.

2. Why use Git for version control in DevOps?

• Enables distributed collaboration across teams.
• Tracks changes with commit history.
• Supports branching for parallel development.
• Integrates with CI/CD tools.
• Monitored for version consistency.

A team used Git for microservices, improving deployment speed. Staging ensured commit integrity in DevOps workflows.

3. When do you create a new Git branch?

Create branches for features, bug fixes, or experiments. A team branched for a Node.js feature, isolating changes. Branches are versioned, tested in staging for stability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps setups for professionals.

4. Where are Git repositories stored?

• Local: Stored in .git directory.
• Remote: Hosted on GitHub or GitLab.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accessibility.
• Monitored via observability tools.

A team hosted repos on GitHub, ensuring collaboration. Staging validated access in DevOps workflows.

5. Who uses Git in a DevOps team?

Developers, DevOps engineers, and SREs use Git for code management. A team collaborated on a Java repo, ensuring scalability. Repositories are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

6. Which Git command stages changes?

• Use git add . to stage all changes.
• Use git add file.txt for specific files.
• Verify with git status.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for staging consistency.

A team staged Python files, ensuring commits. This supports robust version control in DevOps workflows.

7. How do you commit changes in Git?

• Stage files: git add .
• Commit with message: git commit -m "Add feature".
• Push to remote: git push origin branch.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored via RHCSA automation.

A team committed a Go module, ensuring traceability. Staging validated commits in DevOps pipelines.

8. What is a Git commit, and why is it important?

A Git commit records changes with a message, creating a snapshot. It’s vital for tracking progress and auditing. A team used commits for a React app, ensuring history. Commits are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored for reliability in DevOps environments.

9. Why use Git rebase over merge?

• Rebase creates a linear history.
• Avoids complex merge commits.
• Improves readability for audits.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for rebase consistency.

A team rebased a feature branch, streamlining history. Staging ensured clean merges in DevOps workflows.

10. When do you use Git stash?

Use git stash to save uncommitted changes temporarily. A team stashed UI changes during a hotfix, ensuring flexibility. Stashes are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in DevOps environments for professionals.

Stashing aids multitasking. Monitoring ensures stash integrity in complex setups.

11. Where do you view Git commit history?

• Use git log for local history.
• View on GitHub Commits tab.
• Filter with git log --author=name.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for history integrity.

A team reviewed commits on GitHub, ensuring traceability. Staging validated logs in DevOps workflows.

12. Who resolves Git merge conflicts?

Developers resolve merge conflicts, editing conflicting files. A team fixed conflicts in a Python repo, ensuring collaboration. Resolutions are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

13. Which command checks Git repository status?

• Use git status to view changes.
• Shows staged, unstaged, or untracked files.
• Verify before committing.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored via Linux tools.

A team checked status before pushes, ensuring accuracy. This supports robust version control in DevOps.

14. How do you revert a Git commit?

• Use git revert commit_id to undo changes.
• Create a new commit reversing changes.
• Push to remote: git push origin branch.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for revert accuracy.

A team reverted a buggy commit, restoring stability. Staging validated reverts in DevOps workflows.

15. What is the purpose of gitignore files?

A .gitignore file excludes files from tracking, like logs or secrets. A team ignored node_modules, reducing clutter. Files are versioned, tested in staging for accuracy, and monitored to maintain clean repositories in collaborative DevOps environments.

16. Why use Git tags in repositories?

• Mark releases: git tag v1.0.0.
• Provide stable reference points.
• Support rollback and versioning.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for tag consistency.

A team tagged a release, ensuring traceability. Staging validated tags in DevOps workflows.

17. When do you use git reset?

Use git reset to undo commits or staging. A team reset a faulty commit, maintaining history. Resets are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to ensure consistent workflows in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

18. Where do you configure Git user settings?

• Set globally: git config --global user.name "Name".
• Set locally: git config user.email "[email protected]".
• Verify with git config --list.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for config consistency.

A team configured user settings, ensuring traceability. Staging validated configs in DevOps workflows.

GitHub Essentials

19. How do you create a pull request on GitHub?

• Push branch: git push origin feature-branch.
• Create PR in GitHub UI, selecting branches.
• Add reviewers and link issues.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored via CI/CD metrics.

A team created PRs for a Java app, ensuring reviews. Staging validated PRs in DevOps pipelines.

20. What is a GitHub repository?

A GitHub repository hosts code, issues, and workflows. A team managed a Go repo, enabling collaboration. Repositories are versioned, tested in staging for accessibility, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

21. Why use GitHub for DevOps workflows?

• Integrates with GitHub Actions for CI/CD.
• Supports PRs and code reviews.
• Hosts repositories for collaboration.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for workflow reliability.

A team used GitHub for Node.js CI/CD, improving speed. Staging ensured integration in DevOps workflows.

22. When do you use GitHub Issues?

Use GitHub Issues for tracking bugs or tasks. A team logged UI bugs, ensuring resolution. Issues are versioned, tested in staging for tracking, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

Issues streamline task management. Monitoring ensures timely resolution in complex setups.

23. Where do you manage GitHub repository permissions?

• Set in GitHub Settings > Collaborators.
• Assign roles: read, write, admin.
• Restrict with branch protection.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored for permission compliance.

A team restricted access, ensuring security. Staging validated permissions in DevOps workflows.

24. Who manages GitHub repositories?

DevOps engineers and project managers manage repositories, setting permissions. A team organized a Python repo, ensuring collaboration. Repositories are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

25. Which GitHub feature tracks code reviews?

• Use pull requests for code reviews.
• Track comments and approvals in PRs.
• Enforce via branch protection.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for review consistency.

A team reviewed PRs for a React app, ensuring quality. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

26. How do you fork a GitHub repository?

• Click Fork in GitHub UI.
• Clone fork: git clone fork-url.
• Sync with upstream: git pull upstream main.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for fork consistency.

A team forked a Go repo, enabling contributions. Staging validated forks in DevOps workflows.

27. What is the role of GitHub Projects?

GitHub Projects organizes tasks with boards or tables. A team tracked sprints for a Java app, ensuring progress. Projects are versioned, tested in staging for tracking, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in DevOps environments.

28. Why use GitHub branch protection rules?

• Prevent direct pushes to main.
• Require PRs and status checks.
• Ensure code quality and compliance.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored via GitOps practices.

A team protected main, ensuring stability. Staging validated rules in DevOps workflows.

29. When do you use GitHub Actions in repositories?

Use GitHub Actions for automating builds, tests, or deployments. A team automated Docker builds, ensuring speed. Workflows are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

30. Where do you store GitHub Actions workflows?

• Store in .github/workflows/*.yml.
• Versioned with Git for tracking.
• Accessible in repository root.
• Tested in staging for validity.
• Monitored for workflow integrity.

A team stored CI workflows, ensuring automation. Staging validated files in DevOps pipelines.

31. Who configures GitHub repository settings?

Repository admins and DevOps engineers configure settings like permissions. A team set up a Node.js repo, ensuring security. Settings are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

32. Which GitHub feature automates dependency updates?

• Use Dependabot for dependency scans.
• Creates PRs for updates.
• Configure in dependabot.yml.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for dependency reliability.

A team updated npm packages, ensuring security. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

33. How do you manage GitHub webhooks?

• Configure in Settings > Webhooks.
• Trigger external services on events.
• Secure with secret tokens.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for webhook accuracy.

A team set webhooks for CI tools, ensuring integration. Staging validated hooks in DevOps workflows.

34. What is the purpose of GitHub Pages?

GitHub Pages hosts static sites from repositories. A team deployed a React app, ensuring accessibility. Pages are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent delivery in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

35. Why use GitHub Codespaces?

• Provide cloud-based dev environments.
• Support consistent setups across teams.
• Integrate with GitHub workflows.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for environment reliability.

A team used Codespaces for Python dev, improving setup speed. Staging validated environments in DevOps workflows.

Branching and Merging

36. How do you implement a Git branching strategy?

• Use Gitflow: main, develop, feature branches.
• Create feature branches: git branch feature-x.
• Merge via PRs with reviews.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for branch consistency.

A team used Gitflow for a Java app, ensuring order. Staging validated branches in DevOps workflows.

37. What is a merge conflict in Git?

A merge conflict occurs when Git cannot auto-merge changes. A team resolved conflicts in a Go module, ensuring stability. Conflicts are versioned, tested in staging for resolution, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in DevOps environments.

38. Why use a feature branching model?

• Isolate feature development.
• Enable parallel work without conflicts.
• Support clean merges to main.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored via progressive rollouts.

A team used feature branches for UI changes, ensuring isolation. Staging validated merges in DevOps workflows.

39. When do you merge branches in Git?

Merge branches after PR reviews or tests pass. A team merged a feature branch post-testing, ensuring quality. Merges are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

40. Where do you track branch changes?

• Track in Git: git log --graph.
• View in GitHub Commits or PRs.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for change integrity.

A team tracked branches on GitHub, ensuring history. Staging validated logs in DevOps workflows.

41. Who approves pull requests?

Tech leads and senior developers approve PRs, ensuring quality. A team required two approvals for main, ensuring compliance. Approvals are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

Approvals enhance code quality. Monitoring ensures compliance in complex setups.

42. Which Git command merges branches?

• Use git merge branch-name to merge.
• Resolve conflicts if needed.
• Push merged changes: git push.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for merge reliability.

A team merged a feature branch, ensuring stability. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

43. How do you handle large merge conflicts?

• Use git mergetool for resolution.
• Communicate with team for context.
• Test changes post-resolution.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for conflict resolution.

A team resolved conflicts in a monorepo, ensuring consistency. Staging validated merges in DevOps workflows.

44. What is the impact of rebasing in Git?

Rebasing rewrites history, creating a cleaner log. A team rebased a Python branch, improving readability. Rebases are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

45. Why squash commits during merges?

• Combine commits: git rebase -i.
• Create cleaner history for audits.
• Simplify PR reviews.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for squash accuracy.

A team squashed UI commits, streamlining history. Staging validated squashes in DevOps workflows.

46. When do you use cherry-pick in Git?

Use git cherry-pick commit_id to apply specific commits. A team cherry-picked a hotfix, ensuring speed. Cherry-picks are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in DevOps environments for professionals.

47. Where do you manage branch permissions?

• Set in GitHub Settings > Branches.
• Restrict pushes with protection rules.
• Enforce PRs and status checks.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored for permission compliance.

A team protected feature branches, ensuring security. Staging validated rules in DevOps workflows.

48. Who defines branching strategies?

DevOps architects and tech leads define strategies like Gitflow. A team adopted trunk-based development, ensuring scalability. Strategies are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

49. Which command compares branches?

• Use git diff branch1..branch2.
• View changes in GitHub PRs.
• Verify before merging.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for diff reliability.

A team compared feature branches, ensuring accuracy. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

50. How do you automate branch cleanup?

• Use GitHub Actions to delete merged branches.
• Script: git push origin --delete branch.
• Schedule cleanup tasks.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for cleanup consistency.

A team automated cleanup, reducing clutter. Staging validated scripts in DevOps workflows.

51. What is the role of Git tags in releases?

Tags (git tag v1.0.0) mark release points for deployments. A team tagged a Node.js release, ensuring traceability. Tags are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in DevOps environments for professionals.

52. Why use rebase interactively?

• Rewrite history: git rebase -i HEAD~n.
• Squash or edit commits.
• Improve history clarity.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for rebase accuracy.

A team rebased a feature, cleaning history. Staging validated rebases in DevOps workflows.

GitHub Actions for CI/CD

53. How do you configure a CI pipeline in GitHub Actions?

• Create .github/workflows/ci.yml.
• Define on: push or pull_request.
• Add jobs: build, test, lint.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored via canary workflows.

A team set up a Go CI pipeline, ensuring quality. Staging validated workflows in DevOps pipelines.

54. What is a GitHub Actions workflow?

A workflow automates tasks in YAML, triggered by events. A team automated Python tests, ensuring reliability. Workflows are versioned, tested in staging for accuracy, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

55. Why use matrix builds in GitHub Actions?

• Test across versions: Node 14, 16.
• Run jobs: strategy.matrix.
• Ensure cross-platform compatibility.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored via feature flags.

A team tested a Java app across versions, ensuring robustness. Staging validated builds in DevOps workflows.

56. When do you use self-hosted runners?

Use self-hosted runners for custom or secure environments. A team ran ML workloads on GPUs, ensuring performance. Runners are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain secure CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

57. Where do you store build artifacts?

• Use actions/upload-artifact@v3.
• Store externally: S3, Artifactory.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accessibility.
• Monitored for artifact reliability.

A team stored Docker images in S3, ensuring access. Staging validated artifacts in DevOps workflows.

58. Who debugs GitHub Actions failures?

DevOps engineers debug failures using Actions logs. A team fixed a test failure, ensuring reliability. Logs are versioned, tested in staging for accuracy, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

Debugging ensures pipeline stability. Monitoring tracks failure resolution in complex setups.

59. Which action sets up a Node.js environment?

• Use actions/setup-node@v3.
• Specify node-version: '18'.
• Install: npm install.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for setup reliability.

A team set up Node.js for builds, ensuring compatibility. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

60. How do you cache dependencies in GitHub Actions?

• Use actions/cache@v3 for node_modules.
• Set key: cache-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json') }}.
• Speed up builds.
• Tested in staging for efficiency.
• Monitored for cache consistency.

A team cached pip dependencies, improving speed. Staging validated caching in DevOps workflows.

61. What is the role of workflow_dispatch?

The workflow_dispatch trigger enables manual workflow runs via GitHub UI. A team triggered hotfix deploys, ensuring flexibility. Triggers are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

62. Why use reusable workflows in GitHub Actions?

• Share workflows: uses: org/workflow.yml@v1.
• Reduce duplication across repos.
• Ensure consistent CI/CD.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for workflow reliability.

A team reused a test workflow, improving efficiency. Staging validated reusability in DevOps pipelines.

63. When do you use concurrency in workflows?

Use concurrency: group to limit simultaneous runs. A team restricted deployments, ensuring stability. Settings are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

64. Where do you monitor workflow performance?

• Track in Actions tab: job durations.
• Use Prometheus, CloudWatch for metrics.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored via network monitoring.

A team used CloudWatch for insights, ensuring efficiency. Staging validated metrics in DevOps workflows.

65. Who optimizes GitHub Actions pipelines?

DevOps engineers optimize pipelines with caching and parallel jobs. A team reduced build times for a Python app, improving throughput. Optimizations are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain scalable CI/CD in DevOps environments.

66. Which action deploys to AWS ECS?

• Use aws-actions/amazon-ecs-deploy-task-definition.
• Configure with secrets: AWS_ACCESS_KEY.
• Update service: force-new-deployment.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for deployment reliability.

A team deployed to ECS, ensuring scalability. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

67. How do you handle flaky tests in GitHub Actions?

• Retry tests: max-attempts: 3.
• Isolate flaky tests in jobs.
• Log failures for debugging.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for test stability.

A team retried Jest tests, improving reliability. Staging validated stability in DevOps workflows.

68. What causes GitHub Actions pipeline failures?

Failures stem from syntax errors, missing secrets, or test issues. A team debugged a failed build, ensuring reliability. Failures are versioned, tested in staging for mitigation, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

Security and Collaboration

69. How do you secure GitHub Actions secrets?

• Store in GitHub Secrets: ${{ secrets.KEY }}.
• Limit access with permissions: read-only.
• Rotate secrets regularly.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored via DevSecOps practices.

A team secured API keys, preventing leaks. Staging validated security in DevOps workflows.

70. What is the role of Dependabot in GitHub?

Dependabot scans dependencies, creating PRs for updates. A team updated npm packages, ensuring security. Scans are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain secure CI/CD in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

71. Why enforce signed commits in Git?

• Use GPG: git commit -S.
• Ensure commit authenticity.
• Support compliance audits.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for signing compliance.

A team enforced signing, ensuring trust. Staging validated commits in DevOps workflows.

72. When do you use CodeQL for security?

Use CodeQL for static analysis in workflows to detect vulnerabilities. A team scanned a Java app, preventing exploits. Scans are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain secure CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

73. Where do you configure GitHub Actions permissions?

• Set in YAML: permissions: read-all.
• Manage in Settings > Actions.
• Restrict to specific scopes.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored for permission compliance.

A team restricted permissions, ensuring safety. Staging validated access in DevOps workflows.

74. Who manages GitHub team permissions?

Repository admins and security engineers manage team permissions. A team restricted write access, ensuring compliance. Permissions are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain secure CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

75. Which action scans for vulnerabilities?

• Use github/codeql-action for SAST.
• Run in test jobs for scanning.
• Configure with language support.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for scan reliability.

A team scanned a Python app, ensuring security. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

76. How do you audit GitHub Actions workflows?

• Review logs in Actions tab.
• Track changes in Git history.
• Use Enterprise audit logs.
• Tested in staging for compliance.
• Monitored for audit integrity.

A team audited workflows, ensuring compliance. Staging validated logs in DevOps workflows.

77. What risks arise from unsecure Git commits?

Unsecure commits risk unauthorized changes or tampering. A team enforced signed commits, ensuring trust. Commits are versioned, tested in staging for security, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

78. Why pin GitHub Actions versions?

• Pin versions: actions/checkout@v3.
• Prevent supply chain attacks.
• Ensure workflow stability.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for version consistency.

A team pinned actions, ensuring security. Staging validated versions in DevOps workflows.

79. When do you enforce PR reviews?

Enforce PR reviews for main or protected branches. A team required two reviews, ensuring quality. Reviews are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

PR reviews enhance collaboration. Monitoring ensures compliance in complex setups.

80. Where do you integrate SAST in workflows?

• Add SAST: github/codeql-action.
• Run during PR checks.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for scan accuracy.

A team integrated CodeQL, preventing vulnerabilities. Staging validated scans in DevOps workflows.

81. Who monitors GitHub security alerts?

Security engineers monitor alerts via Dependabot or CodeQL. A team resolved pip vulnerabilities, ensuring safety. Alerts are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain secure CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

82. Which tool enforces branch policies?

• Use GitHub branch protection rules.
• Enforce PRs and status checks.
• Restrict pushes to admins.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored for policy compliance.

A team enforced policies, ensuring compliance. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

83. How do you rotate secrets in GitHub?

• Update in GitHub Secrets UI.
• Automate with AWS Secrets Manager.
• Test workflows post-rotation.
• Tested in staging for security.
• Monitored for rotation compliance.

A team rotated API keys, ensuring security. Staging validated rotation in DevOps workflows.

Advanced Git and GitHub Practices

84. How do you implement GitOps with GitHub?

• Sync manifests with ArgoCD.
• Use GitHub Actions for automation.
• Store configs in Git repos.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for GitOps consistency.

A team automated Kubernetes deploys, ensuring scalability. Staging validated GitOps in DevOps workflows.

85. What is a monorepo, and how is it managed?

A monorepo hosts multiple projects in one repository. A team managed microservices, using path filters. Monorepos are versioned, tested in staging for scalability, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in collaborative DevOps environments for professionals.

86. Why use Git submodules?

• Link external repos: git submodule add url.
• Manage dependencies within projects.
• Support modular development.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for submodule reliability.

A team used submodules for shared libraries, ensuring modularity. Staging validated submodules in DevOps workflows.

87. When do you use Git LFS?

Use Git LFS for large files like media. A team tracked ML models with LFS, ensuring performance. LFS is versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain consistent workflows in DevOps environments for professionals.

88. Where do you integrate observability in GitHub Actions?

• Add steps for Prometheus, Grafana.
• Push metrics in deploy jobs.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for observability reliability.

A team integrated Grafana, ensuring visibility. Staging validated metrics in DevOps workflows.

89. Who manages multi-repo coordination?

DevOps architects coordinate multi-repo pipelines, syncing dependencies. A team aligned service repos, ensuring scalability. Coordination is versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

90. Which action supports Terraform in GitHub Actions?

• Use hashicorp/setup-terraform@v2.
• Run terraform apply for deployments.
• Secure with secrets: TF_TOKEN.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for deployment reliability.

A team automated Terraform, ensuring scalability. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

91. How do you handle cross-repo dependencies?

• Use repository_dispatch for triggers.
• Define dependencies in workflow_call.
• Monitor service interactions.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for dependency consistency.

A team synced microservices, ensuring coordination. Staging validated dependencies in DevOps workflows.

92. What is the impact of large repositories?

Large repositories slow cloning and builds. A team used sparse checkout, improving speed. Repositories are versioned, tested in staging for scalability, and monitored to maintain efficient CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

93. Why use Git hooks in DevOps?

• Automate checks: pre-commit, pre-push.
• Enforce linting or tests.
• Improve code quality.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored for hook reliability.

A team used hooks for linting, ensuring quality. Staging validated hooks in DevOps workflows.

94. When do you use workflow_call triggers?

Use workflow_call for reusable workflows across repos. A team shared a test workflow, ensuring consistency. Triggers are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain scalable CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

95. Where do you manage feature flags?

• Store flags in code or config files.
• Toggle via APIs in workflows.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for flag accuracy.

A team toggled flags for a Node.js app, ensuring safety. Staging validated rollouts in DevOps workflows.

96. Who optimizes GitOps workflows?

DevOps engineers optimize GitOps with tools like ArgoCD. A team streamlined Kubernetes deploys, ensuring scalability. Workflows are versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.

97. Which command syncs Git submodules?

• Use git submodule update --init.
• Sync with git pull in submodules.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for accuracy.
• Monitored for submodule reliability.

A team synced shared libraries, ensuring consistency. This supports robust DevOps workflows.

98. How do you manage multi-tenant repositories?

• Use path filters for tenant code.
• Secure with branch protections.
• Monitor tenant-specific builds.
• Tested in staging for isolation.
• Monitored for tenant consistency.

A team managed tenant repos, ensuring isolation. Staging validated pipelines in DevOps workflows.

99. What is the role of GitHub Actions in GitOps?

GitHub Actions automates GitOps by syncing manifests. A team deployed Kubernetes configs, ensuring consistency. Workflows are versioned, tested in staging for reliability, and monitored to maintain scalable CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

100. Why use self-hosted runners for GitHub Actions?

• Support custom environments.
• Enhance security for sensitive data.
• Meet compliance requirements.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Monitored via RHCE practices.

A team used runners for PCI data, ensuring compliance. Staging validated runners in DevOps workflows.

101. When do you integrate observability tools?

Integrate observability tools post-build for pipeline insights. A team used Prometheus for metrics, ensuring reliability. Tools are versioned, tested in staging for accuracy, and monitored to maintain consistent CI/CD in DevOps environments for professionals.

102. Where do you handle cross-team coordination?

• Use repository_dispatch for triggers.
• Share workflows in central repos.
• Versioned for traceability.
• Tested in staging for reliability.
• Monitored for coordination accuracy.

A team coordinated service pipelines, ensuring alignment. Staging validated workflows in DevOps.

103. Who maintains GitHub Actions pipelines?

DevOps engineers maintain pipelines, updating workflows and runners. A team optimized a monorepo pipeline, ensuring scalability. Maintenance is versioned, tested in staging, and monitored to maintain reliable CI/CD in high-traffic DevOps environments for professionals.