GCP DevOps Engineer FAQs Asked in Interviews [2025]

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a leading choice for DevOps, offering tools like Cloud Build, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), and Cloud Monitoring to create scalable, secure, and compliant workflows. This guide compiles 101 frequently asked interview questions for GCP DevOps Engineers in 2025, focusing on CI/CD, container orchestration, security, observability, and GitOps. Tailored for DevOps engineers and cloud architects, it provides practical insights and code examples to prepare for technical interviews in regulated industries like finance and healthcare.

Core GCP Services

1. What is the role of Google Cloud Platform in DevOps?

GCP provides a robust ecosystem for DevOps, enabling scalable compute, storage, and networking services. It supports CI/CD pipelines with Cloud Build, container orchestration with GKE, and observability with Cloud Monitoring. IAM ensures secure access, while serverless tools like Cloud Functions reduce infrastructure overhead, making GCP ideal for compliant, real-time workflows in regulated industries.

2. Why is GCP preferred for DevOps automation?

GCP’s integrated tools, such as Cloud Build for CI/CD and GKE for container management, streamline automation. Serverless options like Cloud Functions minimize manual intervention, while IAM and Cloud Armor ensure security. Its global infrastructure supports high availability, and integration with Terraform enables auditable, real-time deployments, making it a top choice for DevOps in regulated sectors.

3. When should you create a new GCP project?

• To isolate resources for distinct applications or teams.
• For environment separation (e.g., dev, prod) in CI/CD.
• To manage granular billing and access control.
• To align with GitOps for version-controlled workflows.

4. Where are IAM policies configured in GCP?

• In the IAM & Admin console for role management.
• At project, folder, or organization levels.
• Automated via Terraform for consistent policies.
• Ensures compliance with audit logging.

5. Who manages GCP service accounts?

DevOps engineers create and manage service accounts to authenticate applications to GCP APIs, ensuring secure interactions. They use IAM for least privilege access and store keys in Secret Manager.

Automation with Terraform ensures consistent, auditable configurations, critical for compliance in regulated industries like healthcare, where secure access is paramount.

6. Which GCP service supports container orchestration?

• Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) for Kubernetes clusters.
• Enables autoscaling and self-healing for reliability.
• Integrates with Cloud Build for CI/CD pipelines.
• Supports RBAC for secure deployments.

7. How does Cloud Build enable CI/CD?

Cloud Build automates build, test, and deployment pipelines, triggering on code commits via webhooks. It uses cloudbuild.yaml to define workflows, ensuring consistency and auditability. Integration with GKE and Artifact Registry supports rapid, secure deployments, making it essential for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring compliant CI/CD processes.

yaml steps: - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker' args: ['build', '-t', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/app', '.'] - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker' args: ['push', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/app']

8. What is the purpose of Cloud Storage buckets?

• Stores unstructured data like logs or artifacts.
• Supports lifecycle rules for cost optimization.
• Integrates with CI/CD for artifact management.
• Ensures encryption for compliance.

9. Why is GKE critical for microservices?

GKE automates microservices deployment and scaling, ensuring low-latency responses. It provides load balancing and self-healing via Kubernetes, with Cloud Monitoring for observability. RBAC and GitOps integration ensure secure, auditable deployments, making GKE indispensable for managing complex, compliant microservices architectures in regulated environments like finance.

10. When should you use Cloud Functions?

• For event-driven tasks like file processing.
• To trigger CI/CD pipelines via Pub/Sub events.
• For serverless automation with minimal overhead.
• Ideal for cost-efficient serverless workflows.

CI/CD Automation

11. Where do you monitor GCP resources?

• Cloud Monitoring for metrics and dashboards.
• Cloud Logging for audit trails and debugging.
• Sets real-time alerts for incident response.
• Integrates with GitOps for observability.

12. Who uses Cloud Pub/Sub in DevOps?

DevOps engineers and developers use Cloud Pub/Sub for asynchronous messaging in event-driven systems. It decouples services, enabling scalable CI/CD pipelines. Security teams leverage it for compliance monitoring, while its high throughput supports real-time workflows in regulated industries, ensuring auditable, low-latency operations critical for 2025’s DevOps demands.

13. Which tool automates GCP infrastructure?

Terraform automates GCP resource provisioning with HCL, enabling version-controlled infrastructure as code. It integrates with GitOps for auditable deployments, streamlining tasks like instance creation or scaling. Its provider model ensures consistency and compliance, making it essential for DevOps teams managing complex, real-time environments in regulated sectors.

hcl resource "google_compute_instance" "app" { name = "my-app" machine_type = "e2-medium" zone = "us-central1-a" }

14. How does Cloud Build integrate with GitHub?

Cloud Build connects to GitHub via webhooks, triggering builds on code commits. It uses cloudbuild.yaml to define automated steps, ensuring consistent CI/CD pipelines. Integration with GKE or Cloud Run supports rapid deployments, while audit logs ensure compliance, making it ideal for DevOps in regulated industries.

yaml steps: - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/git' args: ['clone', 'https://github.com/my-repo']

15. What is the difference between Compute Engine and App Engine?

Compute Engine, an IaaS platform, offers full VM control with manual scaling, suitable for custom workloads requiring specific configurations.

App Engine, a PaaS platform, provides auto-scaling and managed infrastructure, ideal for web applications with minimal setup.

• Compute: Custom, manual scaling.
• App Engine: Managed, auto-scaling.
• Both support CI/CD integration.

16. Why use Cloud SQL in DevOps?

Cloud SQL offers managed relational databases (MySQL/PostgreSQL) with automated backups and patching, ensuring high availability. It integrates with CI/CD for data pipelines, supporting low-latency queries. Encryption and audit logging ensure compliance, making it ideal for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring reliable data management in 2025.

17. When is BigQuery preferred?

• For serverless, large-scale SQL queries.
• To process data for ML or reporting pipelines.
• Integrates with CI/CD for analytics workflows.
• Ensures compliance with audit logging.

18. How does IAM ensure DevOps security?

IAM enforces least privilege access through role-based policies, applied dynamically via API or console. It integrates with Terraform for automated, auditable configurations and Cloud Audit Logs for compliance. This ensures secure access to resources, critical for DevOps teams managing CI/CD pipelines in regulated industries like healthcare or finance.

19. What is the role of Cloud Deployment Manager?

• Automates resource provisioning with YAML.
• Supports version-controlled IaC for CI/CD.
• Ensures consistent, auditable deployments.
• Aligns with secure DevOps practices.

Container Management

20. Why is GKE critical for DevOps?

GKE automates Kubernetes cluster management, ensuring scalable, low-latency microservices deployments. It provides load balancing and self-healing, with Cloud Monitoring for observability. RBAC and GitOps integration ensure secure, auditable workflows, making GKE essential for DevOps teams managing complex, compliant applications in regulated industries like finance.

21. When should you use Cloud Run?

Cloud Run is used for stateless, containerized microservices requiring auto-scaling and minimal management, ideal for APIs or event-driven applications in CI/CD pipelines.

It ensures rapid, compliant deployments with serverless simplicity, suitable for regulated industries needing cost-efficient, scalable workflows in 2025.

22. Where is Cloud Monitoring used?

• Tracks metrics like CPU and latency.
• Creates dashboards for performance insights.
• Sets alerts for proactive incident response.
• Integrates with GitOps for observability.

23. Who uses Cloud Functions in DevOps?

• DevOps engineers for event-driven automation.
• Developers for notifications or processing.
• Integrates with Pub/Sub for scalability.
• Supports cost-efficient serverless workflows.

24. Which service supports hybrid cloud DevOps?

Anthos enables consistent Kubernetes deployments across GCP, on-premises, and multi-cloud environments, supporting hybrid DevOps. It integrates with GitOps for automation and provides policy enforcement for compliance, making it ideal for regulated industries requiring unified, auditable workflows in 2025.

25. How does Cloud Pub/Sub support CI/CD?

Cloud Pub/Sub decouples services via topics and subscriptions, enabling asynchronous messaging in CI/CD pipelines. Publishers send events, and subscribers trigger actions, supporting scalable workflows. Audit logging ensures compliance, making it critical for DevOps teams managing event-driven systems in regulated industries like healthcare.

26. What is a GCP service account?

• Authenticates applications to GCP APIs.
• Managed via IAM for secure access.
• Keys stored in Secret Manager.
• Automated via Terraform for IaC.

27. Why is autoscaling important in DevOps?

Autoscaling adjusts resources dynamically based on demand, ensuring performance and cost efficiency. In GKE or Compute Engine, it uses metrics like CPU, integrating with Cloud Monitoring for observability. This supports high-traffic applications, enabling compliant, real-time CI/CD workflows in regulated industries like finance.

28. When do you use Cloud Composer?

• To orchestrate workflows with Apache Airflow.
• For automating data pipelines in CI/CD.
• To schedule ML or ETL tasks.
• Ensures auditable, scalable processes.

Security Practices

29. How does Cloud KMS enhance CI/CD?

Cloud KMS manages cryptographic keys, securing data and applications in CI/CD pipelines. It integrates with IAM for access control and Terraform for automation, ensuring consistent encryption.

Audit logs track key usage, supporting compliance in regulated industries, making it critical for secure DevOps workflows.

• Manages encryption keys.
• Ensures compliance.
• Automates via IaC.

30. What is the difference between GKE Autopilot and standard GKE?

• Autopilot automates node provisioning and scaling.
• Standard GKE offers manual cluster control.
• Autopilot suits stateless apps; standard suits complex workloads.
• Both support CI/CD integration.

31. Why use Cloud Source Repositories?

Cloud Source Repositories host private Git repositories, integrating with Cloud Build for CI/CD pipelines. They support version-controlled IaC, ensuring auditable code management. Fine-grained access controls align with compliance, making them essential for DevOps teams managing secure, scalable workflows in regulated environments like healthcare.

32. When is Cloud NAT used?

Cloud NAT enables private instances to access the internet securely, supporting private subnets in VPCs for CI/CD pipelines. It ensures compliance by restricting public exposure.

Integration with Terraform automates configuration, making it ideal for regulated industries requiring secure, auditable networking in 2025.

33. Where do you configure load balancers?

• In Cloud Console under Networking section.
• Supports HTTP(S) or TCP load balancing.
• Integrates with GKE for scalability.
• Ensures high availability for apps.

34. Who uses Cloud Logging in DevOps?

• DevOps engineers for audit trails and compliance.
• Developers for real-time debugging.
• Security teams for monitoring CI/CD pipelines.
• Integrates with BigQuery for analytics.

35. Which service supports data analytics?

BigQuery provides serverless data warehousing for large-scale SQL queries, supporting ML and reporting pipelines. It integrates with CI/CD for automated analytics workflows.

Its audit logging ensures compliance, making it ideal for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring scalable, real-time data processing in 2025.

36. How does Cloud SDK support DevOps?

Cloud SDK’s gcloud CLI automates resource provisioning, enabling rapid CI/CD deployments. It supports scripting for consistent configurations, integrating with GitOps for version control. By streamlining tasks like instance creation, it ensures low-latency operations, critical for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring auditable workflows.

bash gcloud compute instances create my-app --zone=us-central1-a

37. What is the role of Cloud Endpoints?

• Manages and secures APIs with authentication.
• Integrates with Cloud Monitoring for insights.
• Supports OAuth for secure access.
• Ensures compliant API deployments.

Observability Tools

38. Why is BeyondCorp used in DevOps?

BeyondCorp implements zero-trust security, verifying users and devices without VPNs. It ensures secure access to GCP resources, integrating with IAM for compliance. By enforcing dynamic policies, it supports DevSecOps, protecting CI/CD pipelines in regulated industries like finance, where auditable access control is critical.

39. When should you use Anthos?

Anthos is used for hybrid and multi-cloud Kubernetes deployments, ensuring consistency across GCP and on-premises environments. It supports CI/CD with GitOps for automation.

Its policy enforcement and observability align with compliance, making it ideal for regulated industries requiring unified, auditable workflows in 2025.

40. Where do you store container images?

• Artifact Registry or Container Registry.
• Integrates with GKE for deployments.
• Supports secure image scanning.
• Ensures auditable CI/CD pipelines.

41. Who implements disaster recovery?

DevOps engineers design disaster recovery strategies, using multi-region storage and backups to ensure high availability. They automate with Terraform for consistency.

Integration with Cloud Monitoring ensures observability, making it critical for compliance in regulated industries requiring robust recovery plans in 2025.

42. Which tool monitors application performance?

Cloud Trace tracks application latency, identifying bottlenecks in distributed systems. It integrates with Cloud Monitoring for observability, enabling DevOps teams to optimize CI/CD pipelines. Its ability to pinpoint delays supports rapid troubleshooting, ensuring compliant, high-performance workflows in regulated industries like finance.

43. How does Cloud Data Loss Prevention work?

Cloud DLP scans data streams or storage for sensitive information, redacting or masking PII to ensure GDPR compliance. It integrates with CI/CD for automated security checks.

Its audit logging supports DevSecOps, making it essential for secure, auditable workflows in regulated industries like healthcare in 2025.

44. What is the purpose of VPC Service Controls?

• Restricts data access within VPCs.
• Enforces security perimeters for compliance.
• Integrates with IAM for access control.
• Supports secure DevOps workflows.

45. Why is Cloud Interconnect used?

Cloud Interconnect provides high-speed, low-latency connections between on-premises networks and GCP, ensuring secure data transfer. It supports hybrid cloud CI/CD pipelines, integrating with Terraform for automation. Its reliability makes it critical for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring seamless, compliant connectivity in 2025.

46. When is binary authorization used?

• Enforces trusted container deployments.
• Verifies image signatures for security.
• Supports DevSecOps in CI/CD.
• Ensures auditable pipeline integrity.

47. How does AI Platform support DevOps?

AI Platform automates ML model training and deployment, integrating with Cloud Build for CI/CD pipelines. It supports real-time predictions with Cloud Monitoring for observability.

By leveraging AIOps, it optimizes performance, ensuring scalable, compliant ML workflows in regulated industries like finance, where real-time insights are critical.

• Automates ML workflows.
• Integrates with CI/CD.
• Ensures compliance.

48. What is the difference between Cloud Storage and Bigtable?

• Cloud Storage: Unstructured data, high durability.
• Bigtable: NoSQL for low-latency analytics.
• Storage for backups; Bigtable for real-time data.
• Both integrate with CI/CD pipelines.

49. Why is Cloud Spanner used?

Cloud Spanner provides globally consistent relational databases, scaling for high-availability applications. It integrates with CI/CD for data pipelines, supporting low-latency queries. Its audit logging ensures compliance, making it ideal for DevOps teams in regulated industries like finance requiring reliable, scalable data management in 2025.

50. When should you use Cloud Run vs. GKE?

Cloud Run is used for stateless, serverless containers with auto-scaling, ideal for microservices or APIs requiring minimal management in CI/CD pipelines.

GKE suits complex, stateful workloads needing full Kubernetes control, such as applications with persistent storage or custom configurations.

• Run: Serverless, stateless apps.
• GKE: Complex, stateful workloads.
• Both support CI/CD.

Data and Analytics

51. Where do you configure firewall rules?

• In VPC Network section of Cloud Console.
• Define ingress/egress rules for security.
• Automate with Terraform for consistency.
• Ensure compliant networking.

52. Who configures autoscaling policies?

DevOps engineers configure autoscaling policies in GKE or Compute Engine, using metrics like CPU or load. Integration with Cloud Monitoring ensures observability, while Terraform automates consistent scaling. This supports cost-efficient, compliant CI/CD workflows, critical for high-traffic applications in regulated industries like healthcare.

53. Which service supports data pipelines?

Cloud Dataflow processes streaming and batch data, integrating with BigQuery and Pub/Sub for scalable pipelines. It automates data workflows in CI/CD, supporting low-latency analytics for ML or reporting. Auditability ensures compliance, making it ideal for DevOps in regulated industries requiring robust data processing.

54. How does Cloud Armor secure applications?

Cloud Armor enforces WAF rules and DDoS protection, integrating with load balancers to secure applications in CI/CD pipelines. It supports DevSecOps with dynamic policy updates.

Audit logs ensure compliance, making it essential for protecting high-traffic systems in regulated industries like finance or healthcare.

• Enforces WAF and DDoS protection.
• Integrates with load balancers.
• Supports compliance.

55. What is the purpose of Cloud Trace?

• Tracks application latency in distributed systems.
• Identifies bottlenecks for optimization.
• Integrates with Cloud Monitoring for observability.
• Enhances CI/CD performance.

56. Why is Secret Manager used in CI/CD?

• Stores API keys, passwords, and tokens securely.
• Integrates with IAM for access control.
• Ensures DevSecOps compliance.
• Automates secret management via Terraform.

57. When do you use Cloud Scheduler?

Cloud Scheduler automates recurring tasks like backups or pipeline triggers using cron jobs, supporting CI/CD workflows. It integrates with Cloud Functions for event-driven automation.

Its reliability ensures consistent scheduling, critical for auditable processes in regulated industries requiring timely execution in 2025.

58. Where is Cloud Build configured?

• In Cloud Console or cloudbuild.yaml.
• Defines build and deployment steps.
• Integrates with Git repositories.
• Supports auditable CI/CD pipelines.

59. Who manages GKE clusters?

• DevOps engineers configure and scale clusters.
• Use kubectl or Terraform for automation.
• Monitor with Cloud Operations for observability.
• Ensure compliant deployments.

60. Which service secures API endpoints?

API Gateway secures APIs with authentication and rate limiting, integrating with Cloud Endpoints for management. It supports OAuth and audit logging, ensuring DevSecOps compliance in CI/CD pipelines. This makes it critical for protecting APIs in regulated industries requiring secure, scalable access control.

61. How does Terraform support CI/CD?

Terraform provisions GCP resources using HCL, enabling version-controlled IaC for CI/CD pipelines. It automates tasks like instance creation or scaling, integrating with GitOps for auditability. Its provider model ensures consistency, making it essential for DevOps teams managing compliant, scalable workflows in regulated environments.

hcl provider "google" { project = "my-project" region = "us-central1" }

Networking Solutions

62. What is the role of Cloud Operations?

• Combines Monitoring, Logging, and Trace.
• Provides observability for applications.
• Supports automated alerts and dashboards.
• Aligns with GitOps for compliance.

63. Why is multi-region deployment used?

Multi-region deployments enhance availability and disaster recovery by replicating data and services across regions. They integrate with CI/CD for seamless updates, ensuring high uptime. Audit logging supports compliance, making them critical for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring fault-tolerant, auditable systems in 2025.

64. When should you implement blue-green deployments?

Blue-green deployments minimize downtime by running two identical environments, switching traffic after testing. They ensure safe, auditable rollouts in CI/CD pipelines, critical for high-traffic applications.

Integration with load balancers enables seamless transitions, with rollback capabilities for compliance.

• Testing: Validates new versions.
• Switching: Uses load balancers.
• Rollback: Reduces risks.

65. Where do you store sensitive data?

• Secret Manager for API keys and tokens.
• Cloud KMS for encryption keys.
• Integrates with IAM for security.
• Ensures GDPR compliance.

66. Who configures load balancers?

DevOps engineers configure load balancers in Cloud Console, using HTTP(S) or TCP for traffic distribution. They integrate with GKE for scalability, ensuring high availability.

Automation with Terraform supports consistent, auditable setups, critical for compliant CI/CD workflows in regulated industries like finance.

67. Which tool automates GKE deployments?

Cloud Build automates GKE deployments using kubectl or YAML, triggering on code changes for CI/CD pipelines. It integrates with Artifact Registry for secure image management and supports audit logging, ensuring compliance in regulated industries requiring rapid, reliable deployments in 2025.

68. How does Cloud Dataflow support pipelines?

Cloud Dataflow processes streaming and batch data, integrating with BigQuery and Pub/Sub for scalable pipelines. It automates data workflows in CI/CD, supporting low-latency analytics.

Auditability ensures compliance, making it ideal for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring robust data processing in 2025.

• Processes streaming/batch data.
• Integrates with CI/CD.
• Ensures compliance.

69. What is the difference between Cloud SQL and Spanner?

• Cloud SQL: Managed relational database, regional.
• Spanner: Globally consistent, scalable database.
• SQL for standard apps; Spanner for enterprise.
• Both support CI/CD data pipelines.

70. Why is Cloud Run used for microservices?

Cloud Run auto-scales containerized microservices, reducing management overhead with serverless deployment. It integrates with CI/CD for rapid updates and supports audit logging for compliance. Its stateless design makes it ideal for APIs or event-driven systems in regulated industries like healthcare, ensuring scalability and efficiency.

71. When is Cloud Functions vs. Cloud Run preferred?

Cloud Functions is preferred for lightweight, event-driven tasks like processing Pub/Sub events, offering simplicity and cost efficiency in CI/CD workflows.

Cloud Run suits containerized, stateless applications requiring custom runtimes, ensuring scalability and compliance in regulated environments.

• Functions: Event-driven tasks.
• Run: Containerized apps.
• Both support CI/CD.

72. Where do you configure GKE RBAC?

• In GKE’s IAM and RBAC policies.
• Define roles via YAML or kubectl.
• Integrate with GitOps for automation.
• Ensure secure access control.

Serverless Architecture

73. How does Cloud Composer support workflows?

Cloud Composer orchestrates workflows using Apache Airflow, automating data pipelines and CI/CD tasks. It schedules ML or ETL processes, ensuring scalability and auditability.

Integration with Cloud Build and Pub/Sub supports compliant workflows, critical for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring reliable automation in 2025.

• Orchestrates Airflow workflows.
• Automates CI/CD tasks.
• Ensures compliance.

74. Why is Cloud Logging critical?

Cloud Logging provides audit trails and debugging capabilities, capturing application and infrastructure logs. It integrates with BigQuery for analytics and supports real-time queries via Log Analytics. Its auditability ensures GDPR compliance, making it essential for DevOps teams managing secure, compliant CI/CD pipelines in regulated industries like healthcare.

75. When do you use Cloud VPN?

• To connect on-premises networks to GCP.
• Uses IPsec tunnels for secure data transfer.
• Supports hybrid cloud CI/CD pipelines.
• Ensures compliant networking.

76. How does Cloud Build support testing?

Cloud Build automates unit and integration tests via cloudbuild.yaml, triggering on code changes for quality assurance. It integrates with GKE or Cloud Run for deployments, ensuring consistency. Audit logs support compliance, making it critical for DevOps teams managing CI/CD pipelines in regulated industries like finance.

yaml steps: - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/npm' args: ['test']

77. What is the purpose of Cloud Marketplace?

• Offers pre-configured third-party solutions.
• Simplifies tool deployments in CI/CD.
• Integrates with pipelines for automation.
• Supports compliant software stacks.

78. Why is GKE Autopilot used?

GKE Autopilot automates node management, reducing overhead for stateless applications. It scales dynamically, integrating with CI/CD for rapid deployments. While it simplifies Kubernetes, it limits customization, making it ideal for DevOps teams prioritizing efficiency and compliance in regulated industries over complex configurations.

79. When should you use Cloud Spanner?

Cloud Spanner is used for globally distributed, mission-critical applications requiring strong consistency and scalability, such as financial systems. It ensures high availability and compliance.

Integration with CI/CD supports automated data pipelines, ideal for regulated industries needing reliable data access in 2025.

80. Where do you analyze application logs?

Cloud Logging centralizes logs for analysis, offering Log Analytics for real-time queries. It integrates with BigQuery for advanced insights and supports audit trails for compliance.

This enables DevOps teams to troubleshoot issues and ensure observability in CI/CD pipelines, critical for regulated industries like healthcare.

81. Who deploys serverless applications?

• DevOps engineers using Cloud Run or Functions.
• Automate with Cloud Build pipelines.
• Monitor with Cloud Operations for observability.
• Ensure compliant deployments.

82. Which service enables event-driven systems?

Cloud Pub/Sub supports asynchronous messaging for event-driven architectures, triggering Cloud Functions or Cloud Run in CI/CD pipelines. Its high throughput ensures scalability.

Audit logging supports compliance, making it critical for DevOps in regulated industries requiring reliable, event-driven workflows.

• Enables asynchronous messaging.
• Triggers serverless workloads.
• Supports CI/CD.

Advanced DevOps Strategies

83. How does Cloud Monitoring support alerting?

Cloud Monitoring tracks metrics like CPU or latency, setting alerts for incident response via email or PagerDuty. It integrates with CI/CD for proactive monitoring, ensuring compliance. Custom dashboards provide insights, making it essential for DevOps teams managing high-availability systems in regulated industries like finance.

84. What is the role of Cloud DLP?

• Identifies sensitive data in streams or storage.
• Redacts or masks for GDPR compliance.
• Integrates with CI/CD for security.
• Supports DevSecOps practices.

85. Why is Cloud Interconnect preferred?

Cloud Interconnect offers high-speed, low-latency connections for hybrid cloud setups, ensuring secure data transfer between on-premises and GCP environments.

It integrates with CI/CD for reliable workflows, supporting compliance through audit logging, critical for DevOps in regulated industries requiring seamless connectivity.

86. When do you use Cloud Run Anthos?

• For serverless containers in hybrid environments.
• Ensures consistent deployments across clouds.
• Integrates with GitOps for automation.
• Supports compliant workflows.

87. Where are service accounts stored?

• Managed in IAM & Admin console.
• Keys stored in Secret Manager.
• Automated via Terraform for IaC.
• Ensure secure, auditable access.

88. Who configures autoscaling policies?

DevOps engineers configure autoscaling in GKE or Compute Engine, using metrics like CPU for dynamic scaling. Integration with Cloud Monitoring ensures observability.

Automation via Terraform supports consistent, compliant workflows, critical for high-traffic applications in regulated industries like healthcare.

89. Which service supports data pipelines?

Cloud Dataflow processes streaming and batch data, integrating with BigQuery and Pub/Sub for scalable pipelines. It automates data workflows in CI/CD, ensuring low-latency analytics. Auditability supports compliance, making it ideal for DevOps teams in regulated industries requiring robust data processing in 2025.

90. How does Cloud Armor secure applications?

Cloud Armor enforces WAF rules and DDoS protection, integrating with load balancers to secure applications in CI/CD pipelines. It supports DevSecOps with dynamic policy updates.

Audit logs ensure compliance, making it critical for protecting high-traffic systems in regulated industries like finance or healthcare.

• Enforces WAF and DDoS protection.
• Integrates with load balancers.
• Supports compliance.

91. What is the difference between Cloud Functions and Cloud Run?

Cloud Functions is a serverless platform for lightweight, event-driven tasks like processing Pub/Sub events, offering simplicity and cost efficiency in CI/CD workflows.

Cloud Run supports containerized, stateless applications with custom runtimes, ensuring scalability and compliance for microservices.

• Functions: Event-driven tasks.
• Run: Containerized apps.
• Both support serverless CI/CD.

92. Why is Cloud Run used for microservices?

• Auto-scales containerized microservices.
• Reduces management overhead with serverless.
• Integrates with CI/CD for rapid updates.
• Supports compliance with audit logging.

93. When is Cloud Spanner preferred?

Cloud Spanner is preferred for globally distributed, mission-critical applications requiring strong consistency and scalability, such as financial systems. It ensures high availability.

Integration with CI/CD supports automated data pipelines, ideal for regulated industries needing reliable data access in 2025.

94. Where do you analyze logs?

Cloud Logging centralizes logs for analysis, offering Log Analytics for real-time queries. It integrates with BigQuery for advanced insights and supports audit trails for compliance. This enables DevOps teams to troubleshoot issues and ensure observability in CI/CD pipelines, critical for regulated industries like healthcare.

95. Who deploys serverless applications?

DevOps engineers deploy serverless applications using Cloud Run or Cloud Functions, automating with Cloud Build for CI/CD pipelines. They ensure scalability and compliance through audit logging.

Monitoring with Cloud Operations provides observability, critical for high-availability systems in regulated industries.

• Uses Cloud Run or Functions.
• Automates with Cloud Build.
• Monitors with Cloud Operations.

96. Which service enables event-driven systems?

• Cloud Pub/Sub for asynchronous messaging.
• Triggers Cloud Functions or Cloud Run.
• Integrates with CI/CD for automation.
• Supports scalable, compliant systems.

97. How does Cloud Monitoring support alerting?

Cloud Monitoring tracks metrics like CPU or latency, setting alerts for incident response via email or PagerDuty. It integrates with CI/CD for proactive monitoring, ensuring compliance.

Custom dashboards provide insights, critical for DevOps teams managing high-availability systems in regulated industries.

• Tracks metrics.
• Sets alerts.
• Ensures compliance.

98. What is the role of feature flags?

• Enables controlled feature rollouts.
• Supports testing in production.
• Reduces risks with rollback capabilities.
• Integrates with CI/CD for delivery.

99. Why is Cloud Logging critical for compliance?

Cloud Logging provides audit trails, capturing application and infrastructure logs for compliance. It supports real-time queries via Log Analytics and integrates with BigQuery for analytics. Its auditability ensures GDPR compliance, making it essential for DevOps teams managing secure, auditable CI/CD pipelines in regulated industries like healthcare.

100. When do you use Cloud Run Anthos?

Cloud Run Anthos is used for serverless container deployments in hybrid or multi-cloud environments, ensuring consistent operations across GCP and on-premises.

It integrates with GitOps for automation, supporting compliance and scalability in regulated industries requiring unified management in 2025.

101. How does Cloud DLP enhance security?

Cloud DLP identifies and protects sensitive data in streams or storage, redacting PII for GDPR compliance. It integrates with CI/CD for automated security checks, supporting DevSecOps.

Audit logging ensures traceability, making it critical for secure workflows in regulated industries like healthcare or finance.

• Identifies sensitive data.
• Ensures GDPR compliance.
• Supports DevSecOps.